fiscal policy
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The hidden repercussions of public debt in the West

Europe and the U.S. share a common commitment to monetization: their central banks buy much of the debt issued by the government. However, while the share of European bonds in the hands of non-European investors is limited, the portion of U.S. Treasuries held abroad is significant. GIS economic expert Enrico Colombatto answers whether this is a problem that makes American public finance particularly vulnerable.

The economic cost of lockdowns – a closer look
As some countries endure further lockdowns or contemplate imposing another, it is worth considering the cost such measures have on economies. This report examines two factors – duration and stringency of the lockdowns. One has a far greater impact on the economy than the other, and the question is whether ...


Covid-19, the ‘white knight’ for irresponsible policies
Though a quick injection of funds was necessary to keep businesses running and to avoid suffering, governments have taken the crisis brought on by Covid-19 as an opportunity to further increase their grip on economies. The enormous amounts of spending are financed through money creation. The result of such processes ...


New Opportunities 2021: Fiscal policy for the recovery
Governments have responded to the pandemic by implementing safety-net programs to support businesses and workers during lockdowns, leading to elevated deficits and rising debt levels. Many states will soon need to face the aftermath of these decisions, but not all fiscal responses are created equal. Countries that favor spending cuts ...


Italy’s Covid crisis plan: More government intervention
In the Covid-19 crisis, the Italian government sees an opportunity to address the country's long-standing economic ills. Its plan has been to renationalize businesses and use EU funds to boost spending. But as government involvement in the economy increases, foreign investment is being discouraged and private businesses crowded out.

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